“Total emissions from international shipping are approximately 3% of global emissions – greater than the total emissions from Germany and around twice those of Australia. A single ship can produce more emissions in a year than many small island developing states,” Oxfam and WWF said in a statement.
Applying a carbon price of $25 per tonne to bunker fuel would help cut emissions while generating $25bn a year by 2020, they said.
The carbon price would increase the costs of global trade by 0.2% - equivalent to $2 for every $1,000 traded.