European Commission approves container liner shipping merger between Hapag-Lloyd and UASC
The European Commission has cleared under the EU Merger Regulation the proposed acquisition of United Arab Shipping Company ("UASC") by Hapag-Lloyd of Germany, subject to conditions. Both companies operate in the container liner shipping sector.
The clearance is conditional on the withdrawal of UASC from a consortium on the trade routes between Northern Europe and North America, where the merged entity would have faced insufficient competitive constraint.
Commissioner Margrethe Vestager, in charge of competition policy, said: "European companies rely on container liner shipping services for their transatlantic shipments. It's very important that the markets remain open.The commitments offered by Hapag-Lloyd ensure that the takeover will not lead to price increases on the routes between Northern Europe and North America."
The transaction leads to the combination of two competitors in the container liner shipping business and will create the fifth largest container liner shipping company worldwide. Like several other carriers, UASC and Hapag-Lloyd offer their services on trade routes mainly through cooperation agreements with other shipping companies, known as "consortia" or "alliances". Consortia and alliance members decide jointly on capacity setting, scheduling and ports of call, which are all important parameters of competition. The Commission examined the effects of the merger on competition in the market for container liner shipping on thirteen trade routes connecting Europe with the Americas, the Middle East, the Indian Subcontinent, the Far East, Australia, New Zealand and West Africa, as well as Northern Europe with the Mediterranean.
The Commission found that the merger, as initially notified, would have created links on the Northern Europe – North America trade routes between the consortia and alliances in which Hapag-Lloyd is a member and the NEU1 (ex-Pendulum) consortium, in which UASC is a member. As a result, through the consortia and alliances it would belong to, the merged entity could have influenced capacity and prices on a very large part of those markets, to the detriment of customers and, ultimately, consumers. The Commission had concerns that on those routes, the merged entity would have faced insufficient competitive constraint from rival companies.
In order to address the Commission's competition concerns, Hapag-Lloyd offered to terminate the participation of UASC in the NEU1 consortium. This will entirely remove the additional link between Hapag-Lloyd's and UASC's consortia, that the transaction would have created on the Northern Europe – North America trade routes. As a result, the merged entity's position on these trade routes will be comparable to that of Hapag-Lloyd today.
Although UASC will continue to operate as part of the NEU1 consortium during the notice period to guarantee an orderly exit, a monitoring trustee will ensure that no anti-competitive information is shared between the NEU1 consortium and the merged entity during that notice period.
The Commission therefore concluded that the proposed transaction, as modified by the remedies proposed, would no longer raise competition concerns. The decision is conditional upon full compliance with the commitments.
The transaction was notified to the Commission on 3 October 2016.
UASC is a global shipping company based in the Middle East. UASC offers global containerised cargo transport services through a fleet of approximately 55 container ships. On the Northern Europe – North America trade routes, UASC is a member of the NEU1 (ex-Pendulum) consortium, together with Compagnie Maritime d'Affrètement – Compagnie Générale Maritime (CMA CGM) and Hamburg Südamerikanische Dampfschifffahrts-Gesellschaft (Hamburg Süd).
Hapag-Lloyd offers global transport services for containerised cargo under the Hapag-Lloyd brand through a fleet of approximately 170 container ships. On the Northern Europe – North America trade routes, Hapag-Lloyd is a member to the G6 Alliance, together with Nippon Yusen Kaisha ("NYK"), Orient Overseas Container Line ("OOCL"), American President Lines / Neptune Orient Lines ("APL/NOL"), Hyundai Merchant Marine ("HMM") and Mitsui OSK Lines ("MOL") as well as in the SLCS consortium together with OOCL and the SLCS-MSC consortium together with OOCL and Mediterranean Shipping Company ("MSC"). As of 2017, Hapag-Lloyd and UASC intend to join THE Alliance, which will also operate on the Northern Europe – North America trade routes.